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Industrial Bolt and Nut Terms

Angle Controlled Tightening – A tightening method in which the surfaces are pulled together by tightening the fastener with a pre-selected (snug) torque. The nut is given an extra measured rotation, further tightening the fastener, often beyond its yield point to ensure the achievement of a precise preload.
 
Anti-Friction (AF) Coating – Dry lubricants that are comprised of suspensions of solid lubricants of small particle size, such as graphite or PTFE.
 
Anti-Seize Compound – A compound that is applied to the threads of fasteners and whose purpose depends on the application. Anti-seize compounds can prevent galling or mating surfaces, improve corrosion resistance or provide a barrier to water penetration by sealing the threads.
 
Bearing Stress – The surface pressure acting on a joint face, resulting from the clamping force applied by a fastener.
 
Black – A term that refers to the comparatively wider tolerances employed in the manufacturing of nuts and bolts, not necessarily the color of the surface finish.
 
Clamping Force – The compressive force exerted on a joint by a fastener.
 
Class of Fit – The measure of the degree of fit between mating external and internal threads. There are three main Classes of Fit for metric screw threads: fine, medium and coarse.
 
Creep – The permanent deformation of a bolt or other fastener resulting from the application of stress and heat.

Cut Threading – Forming threads on a fastener by cutting away and actually removing the unneeded metal.

Eccentricity – The degree of difference between the centers of the surface of a bolt at different points.

Fatigue Strength – The fracture resistance of bolts during subjection to stress variations.

Grip – The thickness of all materials that a bolt is designed to secure.
 
Head – The top portion of a bolt. A head also refers to the portion of a fastener that forms its largest diameter.

Joint – The material(s) that the fastener (bolt) connects together.
 
Nut – A small metal piece with a hole in the center that fits over a bolt or over the end of a bolt. Nuts are often hexagonal (6-sided) in shape.
 
Pull-Out – The amount of force required to pull the fastener out of the base material.
 
Shank – The portion of a headed fastener that lies between the head and the point.
 
Tensile Strength – The amount of longitudinal load/elongation a fastener can withstand without failure of the fastener or joint.
 
Thread – A raised helical pattern going around the shank of a bolt. The thread is measured by pitch, which is the distance from one peak of the thread to the next, expressed in mm or threads per inch.
 
Ultimate Torque – The amount of force at which a threaded fastener, an insert or nut begins to strip or otherwise fail in a joint.